This is a rebuild of Drinking Water Watch and not yet the official record. Use the agency’s current Drinking Water Watch for anything you need to rely on.
Chemical and radiological sample results
MS0090003 , Town of New Houlka
20 of the 57 analytes this system has been tested for have been detected at least once, across 387 samples on record.
The other 37 were tested for and never found. An analyte is counted here if any result on record measured it, so this covers the whole history and not the samples listed below.
Across all 387 samples on record, detections range from December 27, 1993 to January 13, 2025. These figures cover the whole record.
What counts as a non-detect is defined in the help: Less than Indicator. This system’s violations.
What has been detected, ever
Every analyte measured above its reporting level at any point in this system’s record, most often detected first. This is not limited to the samples listed below.
| Analyte | Kind | Detected in | First detected | Last detected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper, Free 1022 | Inorganic Chemical | 161 of 199 results | Dec 27, 1993 | Sep 15, 2023 |
| Lead 1030 | Inorganic Chemical | 135 of 199 results | Dec 27, 1993 | Sep 15, 2023 |
| Barium 1010 | Inorganic Chemical | 35 of 35 results | Jul 16, 2002 | Jan 13, 2025 |
| Fluoride 1025 | Inorganic Chemical | 35 of 35 results | Jul 16, 2002 | Jan 13, 2025 |
| Arsenic 1005 | Inorganic Chemical | 25 of 35 results | Feb 14, 2005 | Jan 13, 2025 |
| Chromium 1020 | Inorganic Chemical | 20 of 35 results | Jul 16, 2002 | Jan 13, 2025 |
| Nickel 1036 | Inorganic Chemical | 20 of 35 results | Feb 14, 2005 | Jan 13, 2025 |
| Selenium 1045 | Inorganic Chemical | 14 of 35 results | Jul 16, 2002 | Nov 30, 2022 |
| TTHM 2950 | Organic Chemical | 7 of 21 results | Jul 9, 2007 | May 9, 2024 |
| Gross Alpha, Incl. Radon & U 4002 | Radionuclide | 7 of 7 results | Mar 5, 2012 | Sep 14, 2014 |
| Sodium 1052 | Inorganic Chemical | 6 of 6 results | Sep 23, 2019 | Oct 21, 2024 |
| Bromoform 2942 | Organic Chemical | 4 of 14 results | May 13, 2019 | May 9, 2024 |
| Total Haloacetic Acids (Haa5) 2456 | Organic Chemical | 3 of 20 results | Jul 9, 2007 | Jul 19, 2018 |
| Cyanide 1024 | Inorganic Chemical | 2 of 28 results | Jun 20, 2011 | Mar 19, 2014 |
| Nitrate 1040 | Inorganic Chemical | 2 of 46 results | Jul 18, 2005 | Jan 18, 2012 |
| Cadmium 1015 | Inorganic Chemical | 2 of 35 results | Feb 14, 2005 | Feb 14, 2005 |
| Dibromochloromethane 2944 | Organic Chemical | 1 of 14 results | Feb 14, 2024 | Feb 14, 2024 |
| Monochloroacetic Acid 2450 | Organic Chemical | 1 of 13 results | Jul 19, 2018 | Jul 19, 2018 |
| Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 | Inorganic Chemical | 1 of 46 results | Jan 18, 2012 | Jan 18, 2012 |
| Nitrite 1041 | Inorganic Chemical | 1 of 46 results | Jan 18, 2012 | Jan 18, 2012 |
No date range is applied: this list draws on every sample on record. Show the last two years only.
The most recent samples, result by result
The table below lists 121–130 of 387 samples, newest first — collected July 9, 2014 to January 21, 2015. The summary above covers all 387.
48 results from the 10 samples listed here: 3 detected, 45 not detected. Across the whole record it is 482 of 1,685. A sample is analysed for many analytes at once, so one sample appears on as many rows as it had results.
| Result | Analyte | Monitoring period |
|---|---|---|
|
||
| Not detected below 0.1 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jan 21, 2015 14:35, sampling point TF103 | Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2015 – Dec 31, 2015 |
| Not detected below 0.08 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jan 21, 2015 14:35, sampling point TF103 | Nitrate 1040 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2015 – Dec 31, 2015 |
| Not detected below 0.02 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jan 21, 2015 14:35, sampling point TF103 | Nitrite 1041 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2015 – Dec 31, 2015 |
|
||
| Not detected below 0.1 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jan 21, 2015 14:50, sampling point TF104 | Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2015 – Dec 31, 2015 |
| Not detected below 0.08 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jan 21, 2015 14:50, sampling point TF104 | Nitrate 1040 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2015 – Dec 31, 2015 |
| Not detected below 0.02 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jan 21, 2015 14:50, sampling point TF104 | Nitrite 1041 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2015 – Dec 31, 2015 |
|
||
| Not detected below 0.1 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Nov 17, 2014 14:22, sampling point TF104 | Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2014 – Dec 31, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.08 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Nov 17, 2014 14:22, sampling point TF104 | Nitrate 1040 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2014 – Dec 31, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.02 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Nov 17, 2014 14:22, sampling point TF104 | Nitrite 1041 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2014 – Dec 31, 2014 |
|
||
| Not detected below 0.0005 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2014 13:30, sampling point TF104 | Combined Uranium 4006 EPA method 200.8 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
|
||
| 0.8 pci/l The agency recorded which kind of limit this result was below, but stored 0.000000000 as the limit itself, which is not a level. The type is published and the value is null. What the limit was is not on record. Whether the result was a detection is a separate column: read resultType. , sample collected Sep 14, 2014 14:04, sampling point TF104 | Gross Alpha, Incl. Radon & U 4002 EPA method 00-02 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
|
||
| Not detected below 0.46 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 14, 2014 14:04, sampling point TF104 | Combined Radium (-226 & -228) 4010 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.317 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 14, 2014 14:04, sampling point TF104 | Radium-226 4020 EPA method 903.1 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.46 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 14, 2014 14:04, sampling point TF104 | Radium-228 4030 EPA method 904 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
|
||
| Not detected below 0.002 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Aug 11, 2014 02:05, sampling point MRT000 | Monochloroacetic Acid 2450 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Aug 11, 2014 02:05, sampling point MRT000 | Dichloroacetic Acid 2451 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Aug 11, 2014 02:05, sampling point MRT000 | Trichloroacetic Acid 2452 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Aug 11, 2014 02:05, sampling point MRT000 | Monobromoacetic Acid 2453 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Aug 11, 2014 02:05, sampling point MRT000 | Dibromoacetic Acid 2454 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.006 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Aug 11, 2014 02:05, sampling point MRT000 | Total Haloacetic Acids (Haa5) 2456 | Jan 1, 2014 – Dec 31, 2016 |
|
||
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Aug 11, 2014 02:05, sampling point MRT000 | Chloroform 2941 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Aug 11, 2014 02:05, sampling point MRT000 | Bromoform 2942 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Aug 11, 2014 02:05, sampling point MRT000 | Bromodichloromethane 2943 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Aug 11, 2014 02:05, sampling point MRT000 | Dibromochloromethane 2944 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 4 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Aug 11, 2014 02:05, sampling point MRT000 | TTHM 2950 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2014 – Dec 31, 2016 |
|
||
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 2378 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | Cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2380 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | Xylenes, Total 2955 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | Dichloromethane 2964 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | O-Dichlorobenzene 2968 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | P-Dichlorobenzene 2969 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | Vinyl Chloride 2976 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | 1,1-Dichloroethylene 2977 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2979 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | 1,2-Dichloroethane 2980 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 2981 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | Carbon Tetrachloride 2982 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | 1,2-Dichloropropane 2983 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | Trichloroethylene 2984 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 2985 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | Tetrachloroethylene 2987 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | Chlorobenzene 2989 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | Benzene 2990 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | Toluene 2991 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | Ethylbenzene 2992 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jul 22, 2014 01:50, sampling point TF104 | Styrene 2996 EPA method 524.2 | Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014 |
|
||
| 0.3991 mg/l , sample collected Jul 9, 2014 06:00, sampling point DS000 | Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2012 – Dec 31, 2014 |
| 0.0403 mg/l , sample collected Jul 9, 2014 06:00, sampling point DS000 | Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2012 – Dec 31, 2014 |
-
- Collected
- Jan 21, 2015 14:35
- Sampling point
- TF103 Treatment Plant T103
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 150122-022NI
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2015 – Dec 31, 2015
-
Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.1 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Nitrate 1040 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.08 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Nitrite 1041 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.02 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
- Collected
- Jan 21, 2015 14:50
- Sampling point
- TF104 Treatment Facility TF104
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 150122-021NI
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2015 – Dec 31, 2015
-
Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.1 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Nitrate 1040 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.08 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Nitrite 1041 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.02 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
- Collected
- Nov 17, 2014 14:22
- Sampling point
- TF104 Treatment Facility TF104
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 141118-029NI
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2014 – Dec 31, 2014
-
Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.1 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Nitrate 1040 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.08 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Nitrite 1041 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.02 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
- Collected
- Sep 15, 2014 13:30
- Sampling point
- TF104 Treatment Facility TF104
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 140916-010RU
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014
-
Combined Uranium 4006 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- Not detected below 0.0005 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
- Collected
- Sep 14, 2014 14:04
- Sampling point
- TF104 Treatment Facility TF104
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 201409180635-GA
- Laboratory
- Radiation Safety Engineering
- Monitoring period
- Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014
-
Gross Alpha, Incl. Radon & U 4002 EPA method 00-02
- Result
- 0.8 pci/l The agency recorded which kind of limit this result was below, but stored 0.000000000 as the limit itself, which is not a level. The type is published and the value is null. What the limit was is not on record. Whether the result was a detection is a separate column: read resultType.
-
- Collected
- Sep 14, 2014 14:04
- Sampling point
- TF104 Treatment Facility TF104
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 201409180635
- Laboratory
- Radiation Safety Engineering
-
Combined Radium (-226 & -228) 4010
- Result
- Not detected below 0.46 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Radium-226 4020 EPA method 903.1
- Result
- Not detected below 0.317 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014
-
Radium-228 4030 EPA method 904
- Result
- Not detected below 0.46 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014
-
- Collected
- Aug 11, 2014 02:05
- Sampling point
- MRT000 Max. Res. Time
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 140812-018HA
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
-
Monochloroacetic Acid 2450 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.002 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Dichloroacetic Acid 2451 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Trichloroacetic Acid 2452 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Monobromoacetic Acid 2453 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Dibromoacetic Acid 2454 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Total Haloacetic Acids (Haa5) 2456
- Result
- Not detected below 0.006 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2014 – Dec 31, 2016
-
- Collected
- Aug 11, 2014 02:05
- Sampling point
- MRT000 Max. Res. Time
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 140812-001TH
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
-
Chloroform 2941 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Bromoform 2942 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Bromodichloromethane 2943 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Dibromochloromethane 2944 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
TTHM 2950 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 4 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2014 – Dec 31, 2016
-
- Collected
- Jul 22, 2014 01:50
- Sampling point
- TF104 Treatment Facility TF104
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 140723-016VO
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jul 1, 2014 – Sep 30, 2014
-
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 2378 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2380 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Xylenes, Total 2955 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Dichloromethane 2964 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
O-Dichlorobenzene 2968 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
P-Dichlorobenzene 2969 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Vinyl Chloride 2976 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
1,1-Dichloroethylene 2977 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2979 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
1,2-Dichloroethane 2980 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 2981 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Carbon Tetrachloride 2982 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
1,2-Dichloropropane 2983 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Trichloroethylene 2984 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 2985 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Tetrachloroethylene 2987 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Chlorobenzene 2989 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Benzene 2990 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Toluene 2991 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Ethylbenzene 2992 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Styrene 2996 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
- Collected
- Jul 9, 2014 06:00
- Sampling point
- DS000 Distribution
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 140710-062PB
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2012 – Dec 31, 2014
-
Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- 0.3991 mg/l
-
Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- 0.0403 mg/l
Routine (10).