This is a rebuild of Drinking Water Watch and not yet the official record. Use the agency’s current Drinking Water Watch for anything you need to rely on.
Chemical and radiological sample results
MS0250020 , City of Raymond
29 of the 57 analytes this system has been tested for have been detected at least once, across 590 samples on record.
The other 28 were tested for and never found. An analyte is counted here if any result on record measured it, so this covers the whole history and not the samples listed below.
Across all 590 samples on record, detections range from October 11, 1993 to February 23, 2026. These figures cover the whole record.
What counts as a non-detect is defined in the help: Less than Indicator. This system’s violations.
What has been detected, ever
Every analyte measured above its reporting level at any point in this system’s record, most often detected first. This is not limited to the samples listed below.
| Analyte | Kind | Detected in | First detected | Last detected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper, Free 1022 | Inorganic Chemical | 114 of 130 results | Oct 11, 1993 | Aug 16, 2023 |
| Lead 1030 | Inorganic Chemical | 84 of 130 results | Oct 11, 1993 | Aug 15, 2023 |
| Total Haloacetic Acids (Haa5) 2456 | Organic Chemical | 82 of 89 results | Sep 15, 2004 | Feb 23, 2026 |
| TTHM 2950 | Organic Chemical | 80 of 88 results | Sep 15, 2004 | Feb 23, 2026 |
| Chloroform 2941 | Organic Chemical | 47 of 56 results | May 14, 2007 | Feb 23, 2026 |
| Dichloroacetic Acid 2451 | Organic Chemical | 46 of 55 results | Sep 26, 2007 | Feb 23, 2026 |
| Trichloroacetic Acid 2452 | Organic Chemical | 41 of 55 results | Sep 26, 2007 | Feb 23, 2026 |
| Barium 1010 | Inorganic Chemical | 40 of 40 results | Sep 17, 2003 | Feb 11, 2025 |
| Fluoride 1025 | Inorganic Chemical | 40 of 40 results | Sep 17, 2003 | Feb 11, 2025 |
| Bromodichloromethane 2943 | Organic Chemical | 36 of 56 results | May 14, 2007 | Jun 6, 2018 |
| Dibromochloromethane 2944 | Organic Chemical | 27 of 56 results | Jul 31, 2007 | Jun 6, 2018 |
| Chromium 1020 | Inorganic Chemical | 22 of 40 results | Feb 8, 2004 | May 17, 2022 |
| Monochloroacetic Acid 2450 | Organic Chemical | 20 of 55 results | Sep 26, 2007 | Mar 5, 2020 |
| Gross Alpha, Incl. Radon & U 4002 | Radionuclide | 15 of 15 results | Mar 7, 2012 | Oct 4, 2012 |
| Dibromoacetic Acid 2454 | Organic Chemical | 14 of 55 results | Apr 30, 2008 | Jun 6, 2018 |
| Nickel 1036 | Inorganic Chemical | 11 of 40 results | Feb 6, 2006 | Apr 2, 2012 |
| Sulfate 1055 | Inorganic Chemical | 10 of 10 results | Sep 17, 2003 | Feb 17, 2004 |
| Selenium 1045 | Inorganic Chemical | 9 of 40 results | Feb 8, 2004 | Apr 14, 2008 |
| Monobromoacetic Acid 2453 | Organic Chemical | 8 of 55 results | Jan 30, 2008 | Mar 5, 2020 |
| Sodium 1052 | Inorganic Chemical | 6 of 6 results | Feb 9, 2021 | Dec 3, 2024 |
| Carbon Tetrachloride 2982 | Organic Chemical | 4 of 91 results | Apr 30, 2008 | Jan 26, 2010 |
| Nitrite 1041 | Inorganic Chemical | 4 of 83 results | May 12, 2004 | Aug 17, 2005 |
| Cyanide 1024 | Inorganic Chemical | 3 of 37 results | Sep 17, 2003 | Mar 21, 2012 |
| Dichloromethane 2964 | Organic Chemical | 2 of 91 results | Jun 1, 2011 | Aug 16, 2011 |
| Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 | Inorganic Chemical | 2 of 83 results | May 12, 2004 | Aug 17, 2005 |
| Cadmium 1015 | Inorganic Chemical | 2 of 40 results | Mar 16, 2005 | Mar 16, 2005 |
| Bromoform 2942 | Organic Chemical | 1 of 56 results | Jun 6, 2018 | Jun 6, 2018 |
| Xylenes, Total 2955 | Organic Chemical | 1 of 91 results | Oct 13, 2008 | Oct 13, 2008 |
| Nitrate 1040 | Inorganic Chemical | 1 of 83 results | Aug 17, 2005 | Aug 17, 2005 |
No date range is applied: this list draws on every sample on record. Show the last two years only.
The most recent samples, result by result
The table below lists 151–160 of 590 samples, newest first — collected December 21, 2016 to March 15, 2017. The summary above covers all 590.
47 results from the 10 samples listed here: 0 detected, 47 not detected. Across the whole record it is 772 of 3,666. A sample is analysed for many analytes at once, so one sample appears on as many rows as it had results.
We withheld the location of 2 sampling points below. The location on record identifies a private home, and we do not publish those. That is our decision, not the agency’s. The sampling point, its type and every result taken there are published unchanged.
| Result | Analyte | Monitoring period |
|---|---|---|
|
||
| Not detected below 0.002 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 03:45, sampling point SMT | Monochloroacetic Acid 2450 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 03:45, sampling point SMT | Dichloroacetic Acid 2451 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 03:45, sampling point SMT | Trichloroacetic Acid 2452 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 03:45, sampling point SMT | Monobromoacetic Acid 2453 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 03:45, sampling point SMT | Dibromoacetic Acid 2454 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.006 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 03:45, sampling point SMT | Total Haloacetic Acids (Haa5) 2456 | Jan 1, 2017 – Mar 31, 2017 |
|
||
| Not detected below 0.002 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 04:10, sampling point SMH | Monochloroacetic Acid 2450 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 04:10, sampling point SMH | Dichloroacetic Acid 2451 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 04:10, sampling point SMH | Trichloroacetic Acid 2452 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 04:10, sampling point SMH | Monobromoacetic Acid 2453 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 04:10, sampling point SMH | Dibromoacetic Acid 2454 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.006 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 04:10, sampling point SMH | Total Haloacetic Acids (Haa5) 2456 | Jan 1, 2017 – Mar 31, 2017 |
|
||
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 03:45, sampling point SMT | Chloroform 2941 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 03:45, sampling point SMT | Bromoform 2942 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 03:45, sampling point SMT | Bromodichloromethane 2943 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 03:45, sampling point SMT | Dibromochloromethane 2944 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 4 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 03:45, sampling point SMT | TTHM 2950 | Jan 1, 2017 – Mar 31, 2017 |
|
||
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 01:10, sampling point SMH | Chloroform 2941 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 01:10, sampling point SMH | Bromoform 2942 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 01:10, sampling point SMH | Bromodichloromethane 2943 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 01:10, sampling point SMH | Dibromochloromethane 2944 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 4 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 15, 2017 01:10, sampling point SMH | TTHM 2950 | Jan 1, 2017 – Mar 31, 2017 |
|
||
| Not detected below 0.1 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Feb 22, 2017 10:41, sampling point TF102 | Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2017 – Dec 31, 2017 |
| Not detected below 0.08 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Feb 22, 2017 10:41, sampling point TF102 | Nitrate 1040 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2017 – Dec 31, 2017 |
| Not detected below 0.02 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Feb 22, 2017 10:41, sampling point TF102 | Nitrite 1041 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2017 – Dec 31, 2017 |
|
||
| Not detected below 0.1 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Feb 22, 2017 10:00, sampling point TF103 | Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2017 – Dec 31, 2017 |
| Not detected below 0.08 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Feb 22, 2017 10:00, sampling point TF103 | Nitrate 1040 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2017 – Dec 31, 2017 |
| Not detected below 0.02 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Feb 22, 2017 10:00, sampling point TF103 | Nitrite 1041 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2017 – Dec 31, 2017 |
|
||
| Not detected below 0.1 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Feb 22, 2017 10:20, sampling point TF104 | Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2017 – Dec 31, 2017 |
| Not detected below 0.08 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Feb 22, 2017 10:20, sampling point TF104 | Nitrate 1040 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2017 – Dec 31, 2017 |
| Not detected below 0.02 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Feb 22, 2017 10:20, sampling point TF104 | Nitrite 1041 EPA method QC10107041C | Jan 1, 2017 – Dec 31, 2017 |
|
||
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:35, sampling point SMT | Chloroform 2941 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:35, sampling point SMT | Bromoform 2942 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:35, sampling point SMT | Bromodichloromethane 2943 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:35, sampling point SMT | Dibromochloromethane 2944 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 4 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:35, sampling point SMT | TTHM 2950 | Oct 1, 2016 – Dec 31, 2016 |
|
||
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:15, sampling point SMH | Chloroform 2941 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:15, sampling point SMH | Bromoform 2942 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:15, sampling point SMH | Bromodichloromethane 2943 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:15, sampling point SMH | Dibromochloromethane 2944 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 4 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:15, sampling point SMH | TTHM 2950 | Oct 1, 2016 – Dec 31, 2016 |
|
||
| Not detected below 0.002 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:35, sampling point SMT | Monochloroacetic Acid 2450 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:35, sampling point SMT | Dichloroacetic Acid 2451 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:35, sampling point SMT | Trichloroacetic Acid 2452 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:35, sampling point SMT | Monobromoacetic Acid 2453 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:35, sampling point SMT | Dibromoacetic Acid 2454 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.006 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 21, 2016 09:35, sampling point SMT | Total Haloacetic Acids (Haa5) 2456 | Oct 1, 2016 – Dec 31, 2016 |
-
- Collected
- Mar 15, 2017 03:45
- Sampling point
- SMT Location withheld
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 170316-008HA
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
-
Monochloroacetic Acid 2450 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.002 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Dichloroacetic Acid 2451 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Trichloroacetic Acid 2452 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Monobromoacetic Acid 2453 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Dibromoacetic Acid 2454 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Total Haloacetic Acids (Haa5) 2456
- Result
- Not detected below 0.006 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2017 – Mar 31, 2017
-
- Collected
- Mar 15, 2017 04:10
- Sampling point
- SMH Location withheld
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 170316-007HA
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
-
Monochloroacetic Acid 2450 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.002 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Dichloroacetic Acid 2451 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Trichloroacetic Acid 2452 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Monobromoacetic Acid 2453 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Dibromoacetic Acid 2454 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Total Haloacetic Acids (Haa5) 2456
- Result
- Not detected below 0.006 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2017 – Mar 31, 2017
-
- Collected
- Mar 15, 2017 03:45
- Sampling point
- SMT Location withheld
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 170316-008TH
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
-
Chloroform 2941 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Bromoform 2942 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Bromodichloromethane 2943 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Dibromochloromethane 2944 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
TTHM 2950
- Result
- Not detected below 4 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2017 – Mar 31, 2017
-
- Collected
- Mar 15, 2017 01:10
- Sampling point
- SMH Location withheld
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 170316-007TH
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
-
Chloroform 2941 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Bromoform 2942 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Bromodichloromethane 2943 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Dibromochloromethane 2944 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
TTHM 2950
- Result
- Not detected below 4 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2017 – Mar 31, 2017
-
- Collected
- Feb 22, 2017 10:41
- Sampling point
- TF102 Treatment Plant T102
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 170223-023NI
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2017 – Dec 31, 2017
-
Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.1 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Nitrate 1040 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.08 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Nitrite 1041 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.02 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
- Collected
- Feb 22, 2017 10:00
- Sampling point
- TF103 Treatment Plant T103
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 170223-022NI
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2017 – Dec 31, 2017
-
Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.1 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Nitrate 1040 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.08 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Nitrite 1041 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.02 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
- Collected
- Feb 22, 2017 10:20
- Sampling point
- TF104 Treatment Plant T104
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 170223-021NI
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2017 – Dec 31, 2017
-
Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.1 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Nitrate 1040 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.08 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Nitrite 1041 EPA method QC10107041C
- Result
- Not detected below 0.02 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
- Collected
- Dec 21, 2016 09:35
- Sampling point
- SMT Location withheld
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 161222-004TH
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
-
Chloroform 2941 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Bromoform 2942 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Bromodichloromethane 2943 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Dibromochloromethane 2944 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
TTHM 2950
- Result
- Not detected below 4 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Oct 1, 2016 – Dec 31, 2016
-
- Collected
- Dec 21, 2016 09:15
- Sampling point
- SMH Location withheld
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 161222-003TH
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
-
Chloroform 2941 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Bromoform 2942 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Bromodichloromethane 2943 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Dibromochloromethane 2944 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
TTHM 2950
- Result
- Not detected below 4 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Oct 1, 2016 – Dec 31, 2016
-
- Collected
- Dec 21, 2016 09:35
- Sampling point
- SMT Location withheld
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 161222-004HA
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
-
Monochloroacetic Acid 2450 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.002 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Dichloroacetic Acid 2451 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Trichloroacetic Acid 2452 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Monobromoacetic Acid 2453 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Dibromoacetic Acid 2454 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Total Haloacetic Acids (Haa5) 2456
- Result
- Not detected below 0.006 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
- Monitoring period
- Oct 1, 2016 – Dec 31, 2016
Routine (10).