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This is a rebuild of Drinking Water Watch and not yet the official record. Use the agency’s current Drinking Water Watch for anything you need to rely on.

Chemical and radiological sample results

MS0410033 , Old Union Water System

22 of the 57 analytes this system has been tested for have been detected at least once, across 412 samples on record.

The other 35 were tested for and never found. An analyte is counted here if any result on record measured it, so this covers the whole history and not the samples listed below.

Across all 412 samples on record, detections range from October 1, 2003 to February 10, 2026. These figures cover the whole record.

What counts as a non-detect is defined in the help: Less than Indicator. This system’s violations.

What has been detected, ever

Every analyte measured above its reporting level at any point in this system’s record, most often detected first. This is not limited to the samples listed below.

Every analyte ever detected for Old Union Water System, with how many results found it and when it was first and last detected. Covers the whole record, not only the samples listed below.
Analyte Kind Detected in First detected Last detected
Copper, Free 1022 Inorganic Chemical 156 of 156 results Aug 28, 2007 Sep 19, 2025
Lead 1030 Inorganic Chemical 66 of 156 results Aug 28, 2007 Sep 19, 2025
Barium 1010 Inorganic Chemical 30 of 30 results Oct 1, 2003 Mar 12, 2025
Fluoride 1025 Inorganic Chemical 23 of 30 results Oct 1, 2003 Mar 12, 2025
Nickel 1036 Inorganic Chemical 12 of 30 results Mar 1, 2004 Mar 12, 2025
Chromium 1020 Inorganic Chemical 11 of 30 results Oct 1, 2003 Apr 20, 2015
Selenium 1045 Inorganic Chemical 10 of 30 results Oct 1, 2003 Feb 25, 2009
Arsenic 1005 Inorganic Chemical 9 of 30 results Apr 1, 2019 Mar 12, 2025
Sodium 1052 Inorganic Chemical 9 of 9 results Sep 23, 2019 Feb 18, 2025
TTHM 2950 Organic Chemical 8 of 25 results Aug 23, 2007 May 14, 2025
Total Haloacetic Acids (Haa5) 2456 Organic Chemical 7 of 25 results Sep 30, 2009 Feb 10, 2026
Xylenes, Total 2955 Organic Chemical 6 of 66 results Feb 9, 2004 Aug 25, 2014
Dibromochloromethane 2944 Organic Chemical 5 of 20 results Oct 6, 2020 May 14, 2025
Monochloroacetic Acid 2450 Organic Chemical 4 of 20 results Aug 23, 2007 Feb 10, 2026
Bromoform 2942 Organic Chemical 4 of 20 results Oct 6, 2020 May 14, 2025
Bromodichloromethane 2943 Organic Chemical 4 of 20 results Oct 6, 2020 Jan 6, 2025
Sulfate 1055 Inorganic Chemical 4 of 6 results Oct 1, 2003 Mar 1, 2004
Ethylbenzene 2992 Organic Chemical 3 of 66 results Sep 20, 2005 Mar 8, 2006
Chloroform 2941 Organic Chemical 2 of 20 results Oct 6, 2020 Sep 9, 2024
Carbon Tetrachloride 2982 Organic Chemical 1 of 66 results Jun 21, 2022 Jun 21, 2022
Cadmium 1015 Inorganic Chemical 1 of 30 results Feb 25, 2009 Feb 25, 2009
Dichloromethane 2964 Organic Chemical 1 of 66 results Aug 9, 2004 Aug 9, 2004

No date range is applied: this list draws on every sample on record. Show the last two years only.

The most recent samples, result by result

The table below lists 261–270 of 412 samples, newest first — collected March 2, 2011 to December 2, 2011. The summary above covers all 412.

89 results from the 10 samples listed here: 0 detected, 89 not detected. Across the whole record it is 376 of 2,552. A sample is analysed for many analytes at once, so one sample appears on as many rows as it had results.

Chemical and radiological sample results for Old Union Water System, every result from 261 to 270 of 412 samples shown, newest first. Not detected means the amount was below the level the laboratory can reliably report, which is given beside it.
Result Analyte Monitoring period
Collected
Dec 2, 2011 14:15
Sampling point
TF103 Treatment Plant T103
Sample type
Routine
Lab sample
111208-002
Laboratory
Radiation Safety Engineering
Not detected below 0.6 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 2, 2011 14:15, sampling point TF103 Combined Radium (-226 & -228) 4010 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.3 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 2, 2011 14:15, sampling point TF103 Radium-226 4020 EPA method 903.1 Oct 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2011
Not detected below 0.6 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 2, 2011 14:15, sampling point TF103 Radium-228 4030 EPA method 904 Oct 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2011
Not detected below 0.4 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 2, 2011 14:15, sampling point TF103 Gross Alpha Particle Activity 4109 EPA method 00-02 Oct 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2011
Collected
Dec 2, 2011 14:40
Sampling point
TF102 Treatment Plant T102
Sample type
Routine
Lab sample
111208-001
Laboratory
Radiation Safety Engineering
Not detected below 0.6 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 2, 2011 14:40, sampling point TF102 Combined Radium (-226 & -228) 4010 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.3 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 2, 2011 14:40, sampling point TF102 Radium-226 4020 EPA method 903.1 Oct 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2011
Not detected below 0.6 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 2, 2011 14:40, sampling point TF102 Radium-228 4030 EPA method 904 Oct 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2011
Not detected below 0.4 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Dec 2, 2011 14:40, sampling point TF102 Gross Alpha Particle Activity 4109 EPA method 00-02 Oct 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2011
Collected
Sep 15, 2011 03:20
Sampling point
TF102 Treatment Plant T102
Sample type
Routine
Lab sample
110916-011VO
Laboratory
MSDH Lab
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 2378 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 Cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2380 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 Xylenes, Total 2955 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 Dichloromethane 2964 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 O-Dichlorobenzene 2968 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 P-Dichlorobenzene 2969 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 Vinyl Chloride 2976 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 1,1-Dichloroethylene 2977 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2979 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 1,2-Dichloroethane 2980 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 2981 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 Carbon Tetrachloride 2982 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 1,2-Dichloropropane 2983 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 Trichloroethylene 2984 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 2985 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 Tetrachloroethylene 2987 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 Chlorobenzene 2989 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 Benzene 2990 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 Toluene 2991 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 Ethylbenzene 2992 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:20, sampling point TF102 Styrene 2996 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Collected
Sep 15, 2011 03:00
Sampling point
TF101 Treatment Plant T101
Sample type
Routine
Lab sample
110916-010VO
Laboratory
MSDH Lab
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 2378 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 Cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2380 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 Xylenes, Total 2955 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 Dichloromethane 2964 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 O-Dichlorobenzene 2968 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 P-Dichlorobenzene 2969 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 Vinyl Chloride 2976 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 1,1-Dichloroethylene 2977 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2979 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 1,2-Dichloroethane 2980 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 2981 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 Carbon Tetrachloride 2982 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 1,2-Dichloropropane 2983 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 Trichloroethylene 2984 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 2985 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 Tetrachloroethylene 2987 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 Chlorobenzene 2989 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 Benzene 2990 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 Toluene 2991 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 Ethylbenzene 2992 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2011 03:00, sampling point TF101 Styrene 2996 EPA method 524.2 Jan 1, 2010 – Dec 31, 2015
Collected
Sep 6, 2011 14:30
Sampling point
TF103 Treatment Plant T103
Sample type
Routine
Lab sample
110907-001
Laboratory
Radiation Safety Engineering
Not detected below 0.6 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 6, 2011 14:30, sampling point TF103 Combined Radium (-226 & -228) 4010 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.3 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 6, 2011 14:30, sampling point TF103 Radium-226 4020 EPA method 903.1 Jul 1, 2011 – Sep 30, 2011
Not detected below 0.6 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 6, 2011 14:30, sampling point TF103 Radium-228 4030 EPA method 904 Jul 1, 2011 – Sep 30, 2011
Not detected below 0.4 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 6, 2011 14:30, sampling point TF103 Gross Alpha Particle Activity 4109 EPA method 00-02 Jul 1, 2011 – Sep 30, 2011
Collected
Sep 6, 2011 14:00
Sampling point
TF102 Treatment Plant T102
Sample type
Routine
Lab sample
110907-003
Laboratory
Radiation Safety Engineering
Not detected below 0.6 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 6, 2011 14:00, sampling point TF102 Combined Radium (-226 & -228) 4010 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.3 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 6, 2011 14:00, sampling point TF102 Radium-226 4020 EPA method 903.1 Jul 1, 2011 – Sep 30, 2011
Not detected below 0.6 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 6, 2011 14:00, sampling point TF102 Radium-228 4030 EPA method 904 Jul 1, 2011 – Sep 30, 2011
Not detected below 0.4 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 6, 2011 14:00, sampling point TF102 Gross Alpha Particle Activity 4109 EPA method 00-02 Jul 1, 2011 – Sep 30, 2011
Collected
Sep 6, 2011 14:00
Sampling point
TF101 Treatment Plant T101
Sample type
Routine
Lab sample
110907-002
Laboratory
Radiation Safety Engineering
Not detected below 0.5 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 6, 2011 14:00, sampling point TF101 Combined Radium (-226 & -228) 4010 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.3 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 6, 2011 14:00, sampling point TF101 Radium-226 4020 EPA method 903.1 Jul 1, 2011 – Sep 30, 2011
Not detected below 0.5 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 6, 2011 14:00, sampling point TF101 Radium-228 4030 EPA method 904 Jul 1, 2011 – Sep 30, 2011
Not detected below 0.4 pci/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 6, 2011 14:00, sampling point TF101 Gross Alpha Particle Activity 4109 EPA method 00-02 Jul 1, 2011 – Sep 30, 2011
Collected
Jun 20, 2011
Sampling point
TF103 Treatment Plant T103
Sample type
Routine
Lab sample
110621-031VO
Laboratory
MSDH Lab
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 2378 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 Cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2380 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 Xylenes, Total 2955 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 Dichloromethane 2964 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 O-Dichlorobenzene 2968 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 P-Dichlorobenzene 2969 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 Vinyl Chloride 2976 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 1,1-Dichloroethylene 2977 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2979 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 1,2-Dichloroethane 2980 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 2981 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 Carbon Tetrachloride 2982 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 1,2-Dichloropropane 2983 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 Trichloroethylene 2984 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 2985 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 Tetrachloroethylene 2987 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 Chlorobenzene 2989 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 Benzene 2990 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 Toluene 2991 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 Ethylbenzene 2992 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Jun 20, 2011, sampling point TF103 Styrene 2996 EPA method 524.2 Not recorded
Collected
Mar 2, 2011
Sampling point
TF103 Treatment Plant T103
Sample type
Routine
Lab sample
110303-034NI
Laboratory
MSDH Lab
Not detected below 0.1 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 2, 2011, sampling point TF103 Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 EPA method 353.2 Jan 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2011
Not detected below 0.08 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 2, 2011, sampling point TF103 Nitrate 1040 EPA method 353.2 Jan 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2011
Not detected below 0.02 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 2, 2011, sampling point TF103 Nitrite 1041 EPA method 353.2 Jan 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2011
Collected
Mar 2, 2011
Sampling point
TF101 Treatment Plant T101
Sample type
Routine
Lab sample
110303-033NI
Laboratory
MSDH Lab
Not detected below 0.1 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 2, 2011, sampling point TF101 Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 EPA method 353.2 Jan 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2011
Not detected below 0.08 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 2, 2011, sampling point TF101 Nitrate 1040 EPA method 353.2 Jan 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2011
Not detected below 0.02 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 2, 2011, sampling point TF101 Nitrite 1041 EPA method 353.2 Jan 1, 2011 – Dec 31, 2011

Routine (10).