This is a rebuild of Drinking Water Watch and not yet the official record. Use the agency’s current Drinking Water Watch for anything you need to rely on.
Chemical and radiological sample results
MS0600003 , Town of Crowder
43 of the 71 analytes this system has been tested for have been detected at least once, across 309 samples on record.
The other 28 were tested for and never found. An analyte is counted here if any result on record measured it, so this covers the whole history and not the samples listed below.
Across all 309 samples on record, detections range from November 19, 2003 to September 18, 2025. These figures cover the whole record.
What counts as a non-detect is defined in the help: Less than Indicator. This system’s violations.
What has been detected, ever
Every analyte measured above its reporting level at any point in this system’s record, most often detected first. This is not limited to the samples listed below.
| Analyte | Kind | Detected in | First detected | Last detected |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper, Free 1022 | Inorganic Chemical | 143 of 143 results | Aug 8, 2007 | Sep 18, 2025 |
| Lead 1030 | Inorganic Chemical | 76 of 144 results | Aug 8, 2007 | Sep 18, 2025 |
| Barium 1010 | Inorganic Chemical | 20 of 20 results | Nov 19, 2003 | Mar 24, 2025 |
| Fluoride 1025 | Inorganic Chemical | 20 of 21 results | Nov 19, 2003 | Mar 24, 2025 |
| Chromium 1020 | Inorganic Chemical | 16 of 20 results | Nov 19, 2003 | Mar 24, 2025 |
| TTHM 2950 | Organic Chemical | 9 of 9 results | Aug 11, 2004 | Jun 24, 2024 |
| Total Haloacetic Acids (Haa5) 2456 | Organic Chemical | 8 of 9 results | Sep 5, 2007 | Jun 24, 2024 |
| Nickel 1036 | Inorganic Chemical | 7 of 20 results | Mar 29, 2006 | Mar 24, 2025 |
| Gross Alpha, Incl. Radon & U 4002 | Radionuclide | 7 of 7 results | Dec 12, 2011 | Sep 18, 2019 |
| Nitrate-Nitrite 1038 | Inorganic Chemical | 7 of 40 results | Jun 7, 2004 | Jul 14, 2008 |
| Nitrate 1040 | Inorganic Chemical | 7 of 40 results | Jun 7, 2004 | Jul 14, 2008 |
| Arsenic 1005 | Inorganic Chemical | 6 of 20 results | Mar 22, 2004 | Oct 19, 2022 |
| Selenium 1045 | Inorganic Chemical | 6 of 20 results | Mar 22, 2004 | May 6, 2013 |
| Sodium 1052 | Inorganic Chemical | 5 of 5 results | Nov 3, 2010 | Dec 12, 2023 |
| Dichloroacetic Acid 2451 | Organic Chemical | 5 of 5 results | Sep 5, 2007 | Oct 20, 2020 |
| Trichloroacetic Acid 2452 | Organic Chemical | 5 of 5 results | Sep 5, 2007 | Oct 20, 2020 |
| Chloroform 2941 | Organic Chemical | 5 of 5 results | Sep 5, 2007 | Oct 20, 2020 |
| Bromodichloromethane 2943 | Organic Chemical | 5 of 5 results | Sep 5, 2007 | Oct 20, 2020 |
| Dibromochloromethane 2944 | Organic Chemical | 4 of 5 results | Sep 5, 2007 | Oct 20, 2020 |
| Nitrite 1041 | Inorganic Chemical | 4 of 40 results | Aug 23, 2006 | Jul 14, 2008 |
| Carbon Tetrachloride 2982 | Organic Chemical | 3 of 42 results | Nov 1, 2018 | Jul 15, 2024 |
| Sulfate 1055 | Inorganic Chemical | 2 of 5 results | Nov 19, 2003 | Nov 19, 2003 |
| Dichloromethane 2964 | Organic Chemical | 1 of 42 results | Apr 13, 2022 | Apr 13, 2022 |
| Monobromoacetic Acid 2453 | Organic Chemical | 1 of 5 results | Oct 20, 2020 | Oct 20, 2020 |
| Radium-226 4020 | Radionuclide | 1 of 7 results | Sep 18, 2019 | Sep 18, 2019 |
| Calcium 1016 | Inorganic Chemical | 1 of 1 result | Nov 3, 2010 | Nov 3, 2010 |
| Chloride 1017 | Inorganic Chemical | 1 of 1 result | Nov 3, 2010 | Nov 3, 2010 |
| Magnesium 1031 | Inorganic Chemical | 1 of 1 result | Nov 3, 2010 | Nov 3, 2010 |
| Potassium 1042 | Inorganic Chemical | 1 of 1 result | Nov 3, 2010 | Nov 3, 2010 |
| Residue, Total, Filterable 1057 | Water Quality | 1 of 1 result | Nov 3, 2010 | Nov 3, 2010 |
| Alkalinity, Caco3 Stability 1067 | Water Quality | 1 of 1 result | Nov 3, 2010 | Nov 3, 2010 |
| Carbon Dioxide 1901 | Water Quality | 1 of 1 result | Nov 3, 2010 | Nov 3, 2010 |
| Color 1905 | Water Quality | 1 of 1 result | Nov 3, 2010 | Nov 3, 2010 |
| Hardness, Total (As Caco3) 1915 | Water Quality | 1 of 1 result | Nov 3, 2010 | Nov 3, 2010 |
| Alkalinity, Total 1927 | Water Quality | 1 of 1 result | Nov 3, 2010 | Nov 3, 2010 |
| Iron, Field Result FEFD | Inorganic Chemical | 1 of 1 result | Nov 3, 2010 | Nov 3, 2010 |
| Calculated Sodium NACA | Water Quality | 1 of 1 result | Nov 3, 2010 | Nov 3, 2010 |
| PH, Field Result PHFD | Water Quality | 1 of 1 result | Nov 3, 2010 | Nov 3, 2010 |
| Xylenes, Total 2955 | Organic Chemical | 1 of 42 results | Aug 16, 2010 | Aug 16, 2010 |
| Cyanide 1024 | Inorganic Chemical | 1 of 18 results | Mar 8, 2010 | Mar 8, 2010 |
| Thallium, Total 1085 | Inorganic Chemical | 1 of 20 results | Mar 29, 2006 | Mar 29, 2006 |
| Mercury 1035 | Inorganic Chemical | 1 of 18 results | Mar 22, 2004 | Mar 22, 2004 |
| Cadmium 1015 | Inorganic Chemical | 1 of 20 results | Nov 19, 2003 | Nov 19, 2003 |
No date range is applied: this list draws on every sample on record. Show the last two years only.
The most recent samples, result by result
The table below lists 71–80 of 309 samples, newest first — collected September 10, 2020 to March 24, 2021. The summary above covers all 309.
46 results from the 10 samples listed here: 17 detected, 29 not detected. Across the whole record it is 391 of 1,655. A sample is analysed for many analytes at once, so one sample appears on as many rows as it had results.
| Result | Analyte | Monitoring period |
|---|---|---|
|
||
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 2378 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | Cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2380 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | Xylenes, Total 2955 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | Dichloromethane 2964 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | O-Dichlorobenzene 2968 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | P-Dichlorobenzene 2969 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | Vinyl Chloride 2976 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | 1,1-Dichloroethylene 2977 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2979 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | 1,2-Dichloroethane 2980 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 2981 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | Carbon Tetrachloride 2982 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | 1,2-Dichloropropane 2983 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | Trichloroethylene 2984 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 2985 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | Tetrachloroethylene 2987 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | Chlorobenzene 2989 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | Benzene 2990 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | Toluene 2991 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | Ethylbenzene 2992 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
| Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Mar 24, 2021 13:20, sampling point TF102 | Styrene 2996 EPA method 524.2 | Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021 |
|
||
| Not detected below 0.002 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Oct 20, 2020 17:00, sampling point MRT000 | Monochloroacetic Acid 2450 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| 0.01 mg/l , sample collected Oct 20, 2020 17:00, sampling point MRT000 | Dichloroacetic Acid 2451 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| 0.008 mg/l , sample collected Oct 20, 2020 17:00, sampling point MRT000 | Trichloroacetic Acid 2452 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| 0.007 mg/l , sample collected Oct 20, 2020 17:00, sampling point MRT000 | Monobromoacetic Acid 2453 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Oct 20, 2020 17:00, sampling point MRT000 | Dibromoacetic Acid 2454 EPA method 552.2 | Not recorded |
| 0.03 mg/l , sample collected Oct 20, 2020 17:00, sampling point MRT000 | Total Haloacetic Acids (Haa5) 2456 | Not recorded |
|
||
| 23.4 ug/l , sample collected Oct 20, 2020 17:00, sampling point MRT000 | Chloroform 2941 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Oct 20, 2020 17:00, sampling point MRT000 | Bromoform 2942 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| 5.1 ug/l , sample collected Oct 20, 2020 17:00, sampling point MRT000 | Bromodichloromethane 2943 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| 2.48 ug/l , sample collected Oct 20, 2020 17:00, sampling point MRT000 | Dibromochloromethane 2944 EPA method 524.2 | Not recorded |
| 31 ug/l , sample collected Oct 20, 2020 17:00, sampling point MRT000 | TTHM 2950 | Not recorded |
|
||
| 0.0286 mg/l , sample collected Sep 15, 2020 05:30, sampling point DS000 | Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020 |
| Not detected below 0.0005 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 15, 2020 05:30, sampling point DS000 | Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020 |
|
||
| 0.0196 mg/l , sample collected Sep 15, 2020 06:15, sampling point DS000 | Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020 |
| 0.0014 mg/l , sample collected Sep 15, 2020 06:15, sampling point DS000 | Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020 |
|
||
| 0.0076 mg/l , sample collected Sep 14, 2020, sampling point DS000 | Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020 |
| Not detected below 0.0005 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 14, 2020, sampling point DS000 | Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020 |
|
||
| 0.0201 mg/l , sample collected Sep 11, 2020 07:20, sampling point DS000 | Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020 |
| Not detected below 0.0005 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 11, 2020 07:20, sampling point DS000 | Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020 |
|
||
| 0.0046 mg/l , sample collected Sep 10, 2020 05:08, sampling point DS000 | Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020 |
| Not detected below 0.0005 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 10, 2020 05:08, sampling point DS000 | Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020 |
|
||
| 0.1723 mg/l , sample collected Sep 10, 2020 08:30, sampling point DS000 | Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020 |
| Not detected below 0.0005 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level , sample collected Sep 10, 2020 08:30, sampling point DS000 | Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020 |
|
||
| 0.0392 mg/l , sample collected Sep 10, 2020 05:30, sampling point DS000 | Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020 |
| 0.0011 mg/l , sample collected Sep 10, 2020 05:30, sampling point DS000 | Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8 | Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020 |
-
- Collected
- Mar 24, 2021 13:20
- Sampling point
- TF102 Treatment Plant T102
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 210325-006VO
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2021 – Mar 31, 2021
-
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 2378 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2380 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Xylenes, Total 2955 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Dichloromethane 2964 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
O-Dichlorobenzene 2968 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
P-Dichlorobenzene 2969 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Vinyl Chloride 2976 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
1,1-Dichloroethylene 2977 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 2979 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
1,2-Dichloroethane 2980 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 2981 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Carbon Tetrachloride 2982 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
1,2-Dichloropropane 2983 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Trichloroethylene 2984 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 2985 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Tetrachloroethylene 2987 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Chlorobenzene 2989 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Benzene 2990 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Toluene 2991 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Ethylbenzene 2992 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Styrene 2996 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.5 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
- Collected
- Oct 20, 2020 17:00
- Sampling point
- MRT000 Max. Res. Time
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 201021-014HA
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Monochloroacetic Acid 2450 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.002 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Dichloroacetic Acid 2451 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- 0.01 mg/l
-
Trichloroacetic Acid 2452 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- 0.008 mg/l
-
Monobromoacetic Acid 2453 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- 0.007 mg/l
-
Dibromoacetic Acid 2454 EPA method 552.2
- Result
- Not detected below 0.001 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Total Haloacetic Acids (Haa5) 2456
- Result
- 0.03 mg/l
-
- Collected
- Oct 20, 2020 17:00
- Sampling point
- MRT000 Max. Res. Time
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 201021-014TH
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Not recorded
-
Chloroform 2941 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- 23.4 ug/l
-
Bromoform 2942 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- Not detected below 1 ug/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
Bromodichloromethane 2943 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- 5.1 ug/l
-
Dibromochloromethane 2944 EPA method 524.2
- Result
- 2.48 ug/l
-
TTHM 2950
- Result
- 31 ug/l
-
- Collected
- Sep 15, 2020 05:30
- Sampling point
- DS000 Distribution
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 200916-123PB
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020
-
Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- 0.0286 mg/l
-
Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- Not detected below 0.0005 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
- Collected
- Sep 15, 2020 06:15
- Sampling point
- DS000 Distribution
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 200916-121PB
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020
-
Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- 0.0196 mg/l
-
Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- 0.0014 mg/l
-
- Collected
- Sep 14, 2020
- Sampling point
- DS000 Distribution
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 200916-128PB
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020
-
Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- 0.0076 mg/l
-
Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- Not detected below 0.0005 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
- Collected
- Sep 11, 2020 07:20
- Sampling point
- DS000 Distribution
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 200916-127PB
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020
-
Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- 0.0201 mg/l
-
Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- Not detected below 0.0005 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
- Collected
- Sep 10, 2020 05:08
- Sampling point
- DS000 Distribution
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 200916-126PB
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020
-
Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- 0.0046 mg/l
-
Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- Not detected below 0.0005 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
- Collected
- Sep 10, 2020 08:30
- Sampling point
- DS000 Distribution
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 200916-125PB
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020
-
Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- 0.1723 mg/l
-
Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- Not detected below 0.0005 mg/l Minimum Reporting Level
-
- Collected
- Sep 10, 2020 05:30
- Sampling point
- DS000 Distribution
- Sample type
- Routine
- Lab sample
- 200916-124PB
- Laboratory
- MSDH Lab
- Monitoring period
- Jan 1, 2020 – Dec 31, 2020
-
Copper, Free 1022 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- 0.0392 mg/l
-
Lead 1030 EPA method 200.8
- Result
- 0.0011 mg/l
Routine (10).